Online forums are the breeding grounds of the modern gangs. Let me explain from the beginning.
In the olden days, when most people didn’t use the Internet, if someone wanted to socialize with others and get personal affirmation from a group of like-minded individuals, they joined a club, either formally or informally. Sometimes informal clubs grew up to be formal clubs, like a chess club at your local high school, motorcycle enthusiasts, or Bloods. Forming into groups gave them strength in numbers. These powers could be used for good or evil. Another word for an informal grouping of individuals, having a nefarious tint, is a gang.
A gang is a group of individuals who share a common identity. In current usage, gang most commonly refers to small, sometimes informal and loosely organized “street gangs”, usually controlling a “turf” through readiness to use violence against other gangs, and typically engaged in other criminal activities.
Today, in addition to the numerous clubs spread across meatspace, many groups with similar interests have formed in “cyberspace.” In order for these groups to form a social bond, there has to be a common medium through which they can communicate. In the earliest days of the Internet, groups coalesced using Internet Relay Chat, one of the earliest examples of group-oriented software, or groupware. IRC allowed for specific channels, like CB radio, but also allowed for direct person to person communication, a hierarchy of powers used to moderate and administer, and file transfers. To this day, most groupware replicates the majority of these same abilities. The most common examples of this today would be forum software, such as phpBB and vBulletin. These programs, hosted on a computer that allows access from the Internet, allow their users to write “posts” as a metaphor for the paper notes affixed to corkboard bulletin boards used in common places like schools, grocery stores, etc. Other people can reply, and these posts or threads turn into conversations. Some of these conversations can last months or years, and can generate huge amounts of online “buzz.”
Now, the interesting part of this phenomenon isn’t that people are using the Internet to form social groups; it’s only natural for human beings to reach out to others and attempt to interact, even electronically, with people who share a common interest. No, the interesting part is that anonymous gangs are forming behind the pseudonyms on these forums, and they are causing damage collectively.
For example, a guy named Hal Turner who ran some web site, had a call-in show where he received numerous prank calls, all based out of some forum where the users disagreed with something he said. He attempted to track down and get a little revenge on the pranksters, but it quickly escalated into an all-out war. His wife and son were threatened with physical harm, and eventually resulted in the removal of Mr. Turner’s web site because of the amount of disruption caused by the irate forum users. This is one example of how a group of online users can, formally or informally, wreak havok through simultaneous action. The power of the Internet in this example is that you can easily gather strength in numbers because you are not limited by the physical requirements of having a meeting on real ground in a real building, or even in a park, garage, or basement. There are no permits required beyond the ability to have your messages seen by others online.
A similar example of this phenomenon is the flash mob. Simply defined, a flash mob is “a large group of people who gather in a usually predetermined location, perform some brief action, and then quickly disperse.” These people are informed of the impending event via e-mail or cell phone. This Wired article describes a flash mob formed in Manhattan for the purpose of impersonating a group looking for a large rug on which to engage in sexual congress with one another.
These mobs often have humorous or artistic motivations, but have also been used as a mask for criminal activities. The flash mob would descend upon a retail store, overwhelming employees with their numbers. The thieves can then move freely through the store taking what they want, their only concerns being the security cameras.
The interesting thing about the flash mob and the forum gang are their anonymity. You may receive an e-mail or private message in the forum or read a post that inspires you to go out in real life or reach out through your computer — and you don’t even know the person, you don’t know if they’re taking the same risks you are, or even if they are who they represent themselves as being. These online gangs and flash mobs often participate in actions on the spur of the moment, without thought to consequences or reasons. Many flash mobs are harmless, and forum gangs don’t often focus their actions on inflicting harm, but it happens, and the anonymizing aspect of the Internet and call phone networks somehow loosens people’s inhibitions to the point where they would do things they wouldn’t normally do.
I would suppose that groups like the Ku Klux Klan and other organizations where members act disguised have taken advantage of this same phenomenon for many years, and technology just enables these gangs to be larger and more agile.